KernelScan.io

HIGH

bpf Interpreter Integer Overflow

CVE-2026-31525

CVSS 7.8 / 10.0 NVD

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

KernelScan AI7.8HIGH

01

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix undefined behavior in interpreter sdiv/smod for INT_MIN The BPF interpreter's signed 32-bit division and modulo handlers use the kernel abs() macro on s32 operands. The abs() macro documentation (include/linux/math.h) explicitly states the result is undefined when the input is the type minimum. When DST contains S32_MIN (0x80000000), abs((s32)DST) triggers undefined behavior and returns S32_MIN unchanged on arm64/x86. This value is then sign-extended to u64 as 0xFFFFFFFF80000000, causing do_div() to compute the wrong result. The verifier's abstract interpretation (scalar32_min_max_sdiv) computes the mathematically correct result for range tracking, creating a verifier/interpreter mismatch that can be exploited for out-of-bounds map value access. Introduce abs_s32() which handles S32_MIN correctly by casting to u32 before negating, avoiding signed overflow entirely. Replace all 8 abs((s32)...) call sites in the interpreter's sdiv32/smod32 handlers. s32 is the only affected case -- the s64 division/modulo handlers do not use abs().

02

Engine v0.2.0

Risk summary

A signed integer overflow in BPF's division operations can cause incorrect computation results, creating a mismatch between the verifier's expectations and actual runtime behavior. This could allow attackers with BPF program loading privileges to access memory outside intended bounds.

Affectedkernel/bpf/core.c

Vulnerability analysis

Root Cause: The BPF interpreter's signed 32-bit division and modulo handlers use the kernel abs() macro on s32 operands. When the input is S32_MIN (0x80000000), abs() triggers undefined behavior and returns S32_MIN unchanged instead of the mathematically correct absolute value. This causes incorrect sign extension to u64 (0xFFFFFFFF80000000) and wrong division results.

Attack Surface: Local attack surface requiring the ability to load and execute BPF programs. The vulnerability creates a verifier/interpreter mismatch that can be exploited for out-of-bounds map value access, potentially leading to memory corruption or information disclosure.

Fix Mechanism: The patch introduces a new abs_s32() function that handles S32_MIN correctly by casting to u32 before negating, avoiding signed integer overflow. It replaces all 8 abs((s32)...) call sites in the interpreter's sdiv32/smod32 handlers with calls to abs_s32().

03

BranchFixed inPatch commit
6.126.12.809ab1227765c4
6.186.18.21f14ca604c0ff
6.196.19.110d5d8c3ce45c
6.66.6.131694ea55f1b1c
mainline7.0c77b30bd1dcb